Political marketing is the process by
which candidates up for election and all their ideas are put together in a
campaign and directed at voters. The idea is to further a candidate's political
agenda as well as gain support of the masses. Just as in regular marketing,
there is the concept of seller, product and buyer. A political candidate offers
voters products in the form of ideas that will ensure economic betterment, an
improved society and all of this done for votes.
At the center of political marketing are
the consumers. Without them there can be no campaign and no voting. They are
the stimuli and the campaign has to be tweaked in order to appeal to their
right side. Just as one would do in the selling of a product, the consumer
market is analyzed and its behavior understood. Literature is made up, concepts
are created and perception is gauged. Communication can be through selective
exposure or through multiple phases.
Political marketing makes use of the
concept of market segmentation as well as target groups in order to increase
their successes at voting. Market segmentation is where potential vote banks
are identified and target groups identified in them. This can be on the age,
sex, annual income, residential location, race, personality, belief system and
lots more. Voting banks then are selected and the kind of communication
targeted at them is different. Depending on this the kind of promotion aimed at
the group will revolve around themes such as law and order, employment, foreign
policy etc. Mediums of advertising, canvassing etc are ways in which to
communicate.
Marketing a political candidate is all
about creating an image or recall just as you would with any other product.
This image is built up in multiple ways and given to the public. It is a
concept and is based on a great deal of research. Loyalty to a particular brand
is the same as loyalty to a political party. There is a need to identify voters
loyal to the brand and utilize them to help swing votes your way.
A political campaign is worked on the
basis of a great deal of research. The product, that is the candidate and his
ideology are promoted in the campaign and this in turn is sent out to the
people in order to influence them to vote for a particular candidate. The
success of a brand or in this case the political candidate is the culmination
of a political marketing campaign.
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